Sogatella furcifera, commonly known as the white-backed planthopper (WBPH), is a devastating agricultural pest that causes significant economic losses to rice cultivation worldwide. This article aims to provide comprehensive information on the biology, ecology, and management strategies of this formidable insect.
Adults
Nymphs
Eggs
According to the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), WBPH infestations can cause yield losses of up to 50% in rice crops. The pest is responsible for direct damage to rice plants through feeding and vectoring of viruses.
Direct Damage:
* WBPHs suck the sap from rice plants, reducing their vigor and yield.
* They can also cause lodging, or the bending over of rice stems, which further reduces yield and harvest efficiency.
Vectoring of Viruses:
* WBPHs are the primary vector of the rice tungro virus (RTV) and the rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV).
* These viruses cause severe stunting and yellowing of rice plants, ultimately leading to yield losses.
Cultural Practices:
Chemical Control:
Biological Control:
Host Plant Resistance:
Sogatella furcifera is a significant pest of rice, causing substantial economic losses worldwide. Understanding its biology, ecology, and management strategies is crucial for developing effective control measures. Implementing integrated pest management (IPM) approaches that combine cultural practices, chemical control, biological control, and host plant resistance can help farmers minimize the impact of WBPHs on their rice crops and improve overall yield productivity.
Table 1: Damage Symptoms Caused by Sogatella Furcifera
Symptom | Description |
---|---|
Hoppers feeding | Yellowish-brown spots on leaves |
High population pressure | Stunted growth, yellowing, and wilting |
Honeydew excretion | Sooty mold on plants |
Vectoring of viruses | Severe stunting and yellowing, reduced tillering |
Table 2: Insecticides for WBPH Control
Insecticide | Target | Mode of Action |
---|---|---|
Chlorpyrifos | Adults and nymphs | Contact and stomach poison |
Fipronil | Adults and nymphs | Systemic insecticide |
Buprofezin | Nymphs | Chitin synthesis inhibitor |
Table 3: Host Plant Resistance to Sogatella Furcifera
Resistance Gene | Resistance Level | Rice Variety |
---|---|---|
Bph1 | High | IR64 |
Bph3 | Moderate | IR72 |
Bph9 | Low | IR8 |
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